Ubuntu24.04.4安装mysql8.0.46

### 准备Ubuntu 每个发行版源内软件版本是锁定固定的Ubuntu 22.04mysql-server MySQL 8.0Ubuntu 24.04mysql-server MySQL 8.0查看将要安装的版本:apt show mysql-server###安装sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade -ysudo apt install mysql-server -y安装完成后 MySQL 会自动开机自启并默认运行。查看服务状态:sudo systemctl status mysql启停命令sudo systemctl start mysqlsudo systemctl stop mysqlsudo systemctl restart mysql安全初始化必做加固数据库:sudo mysql_secure_installation分步交互说明1.VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT 密码强度校验选 n 不开启自用推荐y 开启严格密码规则2.设置 root 密码重复输入两次3.Remove anonymous users? → y 删除匿名账号4.Disallow root login remotely? → y 禁止 root 远程登录5.Remove test database and access to it? → y 删除测试库6.Reload privilege tables now? → y 刷新权限###修改密码本地登录 MySQL-Ubuntu MySQL8 默认使用 auth_socket 插件认证不用密码直接 sudo 登录sudo mysql修改 root 登录方式支持密码登录1.进入 mysql 命令行ALTER USER rootlocalhost IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 你的强密码;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;exit;2.现在可用密码登录mysql -u root -p###配置远程访问允许外部工具连接1. 修改配置文件允许监听所有 IPsudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf找到 bind-address 127.0.0.1修改为bind-address 0.0.0.0# mysql8.0新增mysqlx-bind-address 0.0.0.02. 创建远程访问账号不要直接开放 root 远程登录 mysqlmysql -u root -p执行 SQLnewuser用户名123456密码%代表任意 IPCREATE USER newuser% IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 123456;# 授予全部权限GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO newuser%;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;exit;3. 放行防火墙 3306 端口# 开启ufw防火墙没开可跳过sudo ufw allow 3306/tcpsudo ufw reload4. 重启 MySQL 生效sudo systemctl restart mysql###卸载 MySQL8sudo apt remove mysql-server mysql-client -ysudo apt autoremove -y# 彻底删除配置数据谨慎会清空所有数据库sudo rm -rf /etc/mysql /var/lib/mysql###常用基础操作1. 创建数据库CREATE DATABASE db01 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;utf8mb4 完整支持 emoji推荐默认字符集,不区分大小写、重音2. 查看 mysql 版本mysql -V# 或进入mysql执行SELECT VERSION();3. 重置 root 密码忘记密码时停止 mysqlsudo systemctl stop mysql跳过权限启动sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables 新开终端登录重置密码mysql -u rootFLUSH PRIVILEGES;ALTER USER rootlocalhost IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 新密码;exit;结束后台进程重启服务sudo pkill mysqldsudo systemctl start mysql