Computer Networks and the Internet

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Terminology

Abbev	Description
ISPs	Internet Service Providers
TCP	Transmission Control Protocol
IP	Internet Protocol

What is the Internet?

What is the Internet? - its hardware and software components - an infrastructure for providing services to distributed applications

What Is a Protocol?

A protocol defines the format and the order of messages exchanged between two or more communicating entities, as well as the actions taken on the transmission and/or receipt of a message or other event.

The Network Edge

The three most prevalent types of broadband residential access are digital subscriber line (DSL), cable, and fiber to the home (FTTH).

DSL: frequency-division multiplexing up to 1 Gbps downstream and up to 500 Mbps upstream

cable: 40 Mbps and 1.2 Gbps downstream and 30 Mbps and 100 Mbps upstream

LAN technology: Ethernet, WiFi

Wide-Area Wireless Access: 4G and 5G

Physical Media:

Twisted-Pair Copper Wire: Coaxial Cable: Fiber Optics:

The Network Core

Store-and-Forward Transmission

Queuing Delays and Packet Loss

Packet Switching Versus Circuit Switching

A Network of Networks

We refer to this ecosystem—consisting of access ISPs, regional ISPs, tier-1 ISPs, PoPs, multi-homing, peering, and IXPs — as Network Structure 4.

Network Structure 5, builds on top of Network Structure 4 by adding content-provider networks.

Delay, Loss, and Throughput in Packet-Switched Networks

The most important of delays are the nodal processing delay, queuing delay, transmission delay, and propagation delay; together, these delays accumulate to give a total nodal delay.

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原文链接：https://zhuang.dev/reading/computer-networking-a-top-down-approach/01-computer-networks-and-the-internet/