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MATLAB全局最优搜索函数:GlobalSearch函数

2026/8/15 23:22:00 拓冰建站 浏览量
MATLAB全局最优搜索函数:GlobalSearch函数

摘要:本文介绍了 GlobalSearch 函数的使用句式(一)、三个运行案例(二)、以及 GlobalSearch 函数的参数设置(三、四)。详细介绍如下:


一、函数句法

Syntax
gs = GlobalSearch
gs = GlobalSearch(Name,Value)
gs = GlobalSearch(oldGS,Name,Value)
gs = GlobalSearch(ms)

二、实战案例

(1)Example1:Run GlobalSearch on Multidimensional Problem

  • gs = GlobalSearch creates gs, a GlobalSearch solver with its properties set to the defaults.

代码:

rng default % For reproducibility
gs = GlobalSearch;
sixmin = @(x)(4*x(1)^2 - 2.1*x(1)^4 + x(1)^6/3 ...+ x(1)*x(2) - 4*x(2)^2 + 4*x(2)^4);
problem = createOptimProblem('fmincon','x0',[-1,2],...'objective',sixmin,'lb',[-3,-3],'ub',[3,3]);
[x,fval] = run(gs,problem)

运行结果:

注意: 在MATLAB中,rng default 的作用是将随机数生成器的种子(seed)设置为默认值。种子是一个起始值,用于生成伪随机数序列。通过将种子设置为默认值,你可以确保在每次运行程序时,生成的伪随机数序列都是相同的,从而实现结果的可复现性。具体而言,rng default将随机数生成器的种子设置为 MATLAB 的默认值,这样每次运行代码时,生成的随机数序列都将相同。这对于需要随机性的算法,但又需要可重复的结果的情况非常有用,例如在进行随机实验或优化算法中。


(2)Example2:Run GlobalSearch on 1-D Problem

  • Consider a function with several local minima.
fun = @(x) x.^2 + 4*sin(5*x);
fplot(fun,[-5,5])

图示如下:

  • To search for the global minimum, run GlobalSearch using the fmincon ‘sqp’ algorithm.

代码:

rng default % For reproducibility
opts = optimoptions(@fmincon,'Algorithm','sqp');
problem = createOptimProblem('fmincon','objective',...fun,'x0',3,'lb',-5,'ub',5,'options',opts);
gs = GlobalSearch;
[x,f] = run(gs,problem)

运行结果:


(3)Example3:调用fmincon时,含非线性约束的 GlobalSearch 函数用法

主函数代码如下:

clear all
clc% 目标函数
fun = @(x) sin(x(1)) + 0.1 * x(2)^2;% 非线性约束
nonlcon = @(x) constraintFunction(x);% 定义优化问题
problem = createOptimProblem('fmincon', 'objective', fun, 'nonlcon', nonlcon, 'x0', [0, 0], 'lb', [-5, -5], 'ub', [5, 5]);% 创建 GlobalSearch 对象
gs = GlobalSearch;% 运行全局搜索
[x, fval, exitflag, output] = run(gs, problem);% 显示结果,包括函数计算次数
disp('全局最优解:');
disp(['x = ' num2str(x)]);
disp(['目标函数值 = ' num2str(fval)]);
disp(['退出标志 = ' num2str(exitflag)]);
disp(['函数计算次数:' num2str(output.funcCount)]);

子函数代码如下:

% 定义约束函数
function [c, ceq] = constraintFunction(x)c = x(1)^2 + x(2)^2 - 1;  % 非线性不等式约束ceq = [];  % 非线性等式约束为空
end

运行结果:

  • 需要注意,nonlcon 的非线性约束的写法!

  • 另外,如果需要向非线性约束中传递参数,直接加参数即可,主函数中改为:

% 非线性约束
a=1;
nonlcon = @(x) constraintFunction(x,a);
  • 子函数中改为下式即可:
% 定义约束函数
function [c, ceq] = constraintFunction(x,a)c = a*x(1)^2 + x(2)^2 - 1;  % 非线性不等式约束ceq = [];  % 非线性等式约束为空
end

三、基于 MultiStart 设置 GlobalSearch 参数

  • Create a nondefault MultiStart object.
ms = MultiStart('FunctionTolerance',2e-4,'UseParallel',true)
  • Create a GlobalSearch object that uses the available properties from ms.
gs = GlobalSearch(ms)
  • gs has the same nondefault value of FunctionTolerance as ms. But gs does not use the UseParallel property.

四、更新 GlobalSearch 参数

  • Create a GlobalSearch object with a FunctionTolerance of 1e-4.
gs = GlobalSearch('FunctionTolerance',1e-4)
  • Update the XTolerance property to 1e-3 and the StartPointsToRun property to ‘bounds’.
gs = GlobalSearch(gs,'XTolerance',1e-3,'StartPointsToRun','bounds')
  • You can also update properties one at a time by using dot notation.
gs.MaxTime = 1800

五、Algorithms 原理

For a detailed description of the algorithm, see GlobalSearch Algorithm. Ugray et al. [1] describe both the algorithm and the scatter-search method of generating trial points.


六、网址链接:

[1] GlobalSearch
[2] How GlobalSearch and MultiStart Work


参考文献:
[1] Ugray, Zsolt, Leon Lasdon, John Plummer, Fred Glover, James Kelly, and Rafael Martí. Scatter Search and Local NLP Solvers: A Multistart Framework for Global Optimization. INFORMS Journal on Computing, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2007, pp. 328–340.