微服务技术 RabbitMQ SpringAMQP P61-P76

2026/8/3 3:41:24 拓冰建站浏览量

B站学习视频https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1LQ4y127n4?p=61&vd_source=8665d6da33d4e2277ca40f03210fe53a

文档资料:

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1P_Ag1BYiPaF52EI19A0YRw?pwd=d03r
提取码：d03r

一初始MQ

1. 同步通讯

2. 异步通讯

3. MQ常见架构

二 RabbitMQ 快速入门

1. RabbitMQ概述和安装 --单机部署

我们在Centos7虚拟机中使用Docker来安装

1.1.下载镜像

方式一：在线拉取

docker pull rabbitmq:3-management

方式二：从本地加载

在课前资料已经提供了镜像包：

上传到虚拟机中后，使用命令加载镜像即可：

docker load -i mq.tar

1.2.安装MQ

执行下面的命令来运行MQ容器：

docker run \-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin \-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123321 \--name mq \--hostname mq1 \-p 15672:15672 \-p 5672:5672 \-d \rabbitmq:3-management

1.2. RabbitMQ概述和安装 --集群部署

2.常见消息模型

3.快速入门 --Basic Queue 简单队列模型

三 SpringAMQP

1. Basic Queue 简单队列模型

结构

1.1 消息发送

16572是UI端口 5672消息端口


import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class PublisherTest {@Testpublic void testSendMessage() throws IOException, TimeoutException {// 1.建立连接ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();// 1.1.设置连接参数，分别是：主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");factory.setPort(5672);factory.setVirtualHost("/");factory.setUsername("admin");factory.setPassword("123");// 1.2.建立连接Connection connection = factory.newConnection();// 2.创建通道ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 3.创建队列String queueName = "simple.queue";channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);// 4.发送消息String message = "hello, rabbitmq!";channel.basicPublish("", queueName, null, message.getBytes());System.out.println("发送消息成功：【" + message + "】");// 5.关闭通道和连接channel.close();connection.close();}
}

1.2 消息接收

16572是UI端口 5672消息端口


import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class ConsumerTest {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {// 1.建立连接ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();// 1.1.设置连接参数，分别是：主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");factory.setPort(5672);factory.setVirtualHost("/");factory.setUsername("admin");factory.setPassword("123");// 1.2.建立连接Connection connection = factory.newConnection();// 2.创建通道ChannelChannel channel = connection.createChannel();// 3.创建队列String queueName = "simple.queue";channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);// 4.订阅消息channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel){@Overridepublic void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {// 5.处理消息String message = new String(body);System.out.println("接收到消息：【" + message + "】");}});System.out.println("等待接收消息。。。。");}
}

2. SpringAMQP入门案例

2.1 介绍

2.2 案例 -- 发送消息

spring:rabbitmq:host: 127.0.0.1 # rabbitMQ的ip地址port: 5672 # 端口username: adminpassword: 123virtual-host: /

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) // @Autowired 可以注入
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testpublic void testSendMessage2SimpleQueue() {String queueName = "simple.queue";String message = "hello, spring amqp!";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);}
}

2.3 案例 --接收消息

spring:rabbitmq:host: 127.0.0.1 # rabbitMQ的ip地址port: 5672 # 端口username: adminpassword: 123virtual-host: /listener:simple:prefetch: 1

@Component  //声明成 bean
public class SpringRabbitListener {// @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")// public void listenSimpleQueue(String msg) {//     System.out.println("消费者接收到simple.queue的消息：【" + msg + "】");// }@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")public void listenWorkQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());Thread.sleep(20);}
}

3. Work Queue 工作队列模型

3.1 介绍

接收信息

import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.util.Map;@Component  //声明成 bean
public class SpringRabbitListener {/*  @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")public void listenSimpleQueue(String msg) {System.out.println("消费者接收到simple.queue的消息：【" + msg + "】");}
*/@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")public void listenWorkQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());Thread.sleep(20);}@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")public void listenWorkQueue2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {System.err.println("消费者2........接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());Thread.sleep(200);}
}

发送信息


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) // @Autowired 可以注入
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Testpublic void testSendMessage2SimpleQueue() {String queueName = "simple.queue";String message = "hello, spring amqp!";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);}@Testpublic void testSendMessage2WorkQueue() throws InterruptedException {String queueName = "simple.queue";String message = "hello, message__";for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) {rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message + i);Thread.sleep(20);}}
}

application.yml

logging:pattern:dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS
spring:rabbitmq:host: 127.0.0.1 # rabbitMQ的ip地址port: 5672 # 端口username: adminpassword: 123virtual-host: / #虚拟主机listener:simple:prefetch: 1 # 预取 每次只取一条消息，处理完才能获取下一条消息