第二章 SpringCloud Alibaba 微服务环境搭建

2026/9/15 22:57:55 拓冰建站浏览量

我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行搭建。

案例准备

技术选型

maven：3.3.9
数据库：MySQL 5.7
持久层: SpingData Jpa
其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

模块设计

springcloud-alibaba 父工程
shop-common 公共模块【实体类】
shop-user 用户微服务【端口: 807x】
shop-product 商品微服务【端口: 808x】
shop-order 订单微服务【端口: 809x】
在这里插入图片描述

微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。
我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。
在这里插入图片描述
在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者，商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。

创建父工程

创建一个maven工程，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>pom</packaging><modules><module>shop-common</module><module>shop-user</module><module>shop_product</module><module>shop-order</module></modules><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version><spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version></properties><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version></parent><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement></project>

版本对应：
在这里插入图片描述

创建基础模块

创建 shop-common 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.56</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.6</version></dependency></dependencies></project>

创建实体类

//用户
@Entity(name = "shop_user")
@Data
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer uid;//主键
private String username;//用户名
private String password;//密码
private String telephone;//手机号
}

//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer pid;//主键
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品价格
private Integer stock;//库存
}

//订单
@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long oid;//订单id
private Integer uid;//用户id
private String username;//用户名
private Integer pid;//商品id
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品单价
private Integer number;//购买数量
}

创建用户微服务

步骤:

创建模块导入依赖
创建SpringBoot主类
加入配置文件
创建必要的接口和实现类(controller service dao)
新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后进行下面操作
创建pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><artifactId>shop-user</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId><version>2.7.17</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.6</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency></dependencies></project>

编写主类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class， args);}
}

创建配置文件

server:port: 8071
spring:application:name: service-userdatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: rootpassword: root123jpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: updatedialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

创建商品微服务

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><artifactId>shop_product</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.6</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

创建工程的主类

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class， args);}
}

创建配置文件application.yml

server:port: 8081
spring:application:name: service-productdatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: rootpassword: rootjpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: updatedialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

创建ProductDao接口

public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}

创建ProductService接口和实现类

@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {@Autowiredprivate ProductDao productDao;@Overridepublic Product findByPid(Integer pid) {return  productDao.findById(pid).get();}
}

创建Controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {@Autowiredprivate ProductService productService;@GetMapping("/product/{pid}")public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));return product;}
}

启动工程，等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

通过浏览器访问服务
在这里插入图片描述

创建订单微服务

创建一个名为 shop-order 的模块,并添加springboot依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>SpringCloudAlibaba</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></parent><artifactId>shop-order</artifactId><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>shop-common</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

创建工程的主类

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);}
}

创建配置文件application.yml

server:port: 8091
spring:application:name: service-orderdatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=trueusername: rootpassword: rootjpa:properties:hibernate:hbm2ddl:auto: updatedialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

创建OrderDao接口

public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {
}

创建OrderService接口和实现类

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {@Autowiredprivate OrderDao orderDao;@Overridepublic void save(Order order) {orderDao.save(order);}}

创建RestTemplate，这里先用RestTemplate去请求商品服务。

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);}@Beanpublic RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}
}