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【小沐学Python】Python实现语音识别（SpeechRecognition）

2026/9/14 23:30:32 拓冰建站 浏览量
【小沐学Python】Python实现语音识别（SpeechRecognition）

文章目录

  • 1、简介
  • 2、安装和测试
    • 2.1 安装python
    • 2.2 安装SpeechRecognition
    • 2.3 安装pyaudio
    • 2.4 安装pocketsphinx（offline）
    • 2.5 安装Vosk （offline）
    • 2.6 安装Whisper（offline）
  • 3 测试
    • 3.1 命令
    • 3.2 fastapi
    • 3.3 google
    • 3.4 recognize_sphinx
    • 3.5 语音生成音频文件
  • 结语

1、简介

https://pypi.org/project/SpeechRecognition/
https://github.com/Uberi/speech_recognition

SpeechRecognition用于执行语音识别的库，支持多个引擎和 API，在线和离线。

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Speech recognition engine/API 支持如下接口:
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recognize_bing()：Microsoft Bing Speech
recognize_google()： Google Web Speech API
recognize_google_cloud()：Google Cloud Speech - requires installation of the google-cloud-speech package
recognize_houndify()： Houndify by SoundHound
recognize_ibm()：IBM Speech to Text
recognize_sphinx()：CMU Sphinx - requires installing PocketSphinx
recognize_wit()：Wit.ai

以上几个中只有 recognition_sphinx（）可与CMU Sphinx 引擎脱机工作， 其他六个都需要连接互联网。另外，SpeechRecognition 附带 Google Web Speech API 的默认 API 密钥，可直接使用它。其他的 API 都需要使用 API 密钥或用户名/密码组合进行身份验证。

2、安装和测试

  • Python 3.8+ (required)

  • PyAudio 0.2.11+ (required only if you need to use microphone input, Microphone)

  • PocketSphinx (required only if you need to use the Sphinx recognizer, recognizer_instance.recognize_sphinx)

  • Google API Client Library for Python (required only if you need to use the Google Cloud Speech API, recognizer_instance.recognize_google_cloud)

  • FLAC encoder (required only if the system is not x86-based Windows/Linux/OS X)

  • Vosk (required only if you need to use Vosk API speech recognition recognizer_instance.recognize_vosk)

  • Whisper (required only if you need to use Whisper recognizer_instance.recognize_whisper)

  • openai (required only if you need to use Whisper API speech recognition recognizer_instance.recognize_whisper_api)

2.1 安装python

https://www.python.org/downloads/
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2.2 安装SpeechRecognition

安装库SpeechRecognition：

#python -m pip install --upgrade pip
#pip install 包名 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
#pip install 包名 -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
#pip install 包名 -i https://pypi.org/simple
pip install SpeechRecognition

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import speech_recognition as sr
print(sr.__version__)

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麦克风的特定于硬件的索引获取：

import speech_recognition as sr
for index, name in enumerate(sr.Microphone.list_microphone_names()):print("Microphone with name \"{1}\" found for `Microphone(device_index={0})`".format(index, name))

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2.3 安装pyaudio

pip install pyaudio

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2.4 安装pocketsphinx（offline）

pip install pocketsphinx

或者https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pocketsphinx找到编译好的本地库文件进行安装。
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在这里使用的是recognize_sphinx()语音识别器，它可以脱机工作，但是必须安装pocketsphinx库.
若要进行中文识别，还需要两样东西。
1、语音文件（SpeechRecognition对文件格式有要求）；
SpeechRecognition支持语音文件类型：

WAV: 必须是 PCM/LPCM 格式
AIFF
AIFF-C
FLAC: 必须是初始 FLAC 格式；OGG-FLAC 格式不可用

2、中文声学模型、语言模型和字典文件;
pocketsphinx需要安装的中文语言、声学模型。

https://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/Acoustic%20and%20Language%20Models/Mandarin/

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下载cmusphinx-zh-cn-5.2.tar.gz并解压：
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在python安装目录下找到Lib\site-packages\speech_recognition：
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点击进入pocketsphinx-data文件夹，并新建文件夹zh-CN：
在这个文件夹中添加进入刚刚解压的文件，需要注意：把解压出来的zh_cn.cd_cont_5000文件夹重命名为acoustic-model、zh_cn.lm.bin命名为language-model.lm.bin、zh_cn.dic中dic改为pronounciation-dictionary.dict格式。

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编写脚本测试：

import speech_recognition as srr = sr.Recognizer()    #调用识别器
test = sr.AudioFile("chinese.flac")   #导入语音文件
with test as source:       # r.adjust_for_ambient_noise(source)audio = r.record(source) #使用 record() 从文件中获取数据
type(audio)
# c=r.recognize_sphinx(audio, language='zh-cn')     #识别输出
c=r.recognize_sphinx(audio, language='en-US')     #识别输出
print(c)

import speech_recognition as sr# obtain path to "english.wav" in the same folder as this script
from os import path
AUDIO_FILE = path.join(path.dirname(path.realpath(__file__)), "english.wav")
# AUDIO_FILE = path.join(path.dirname(path.realpath(__file__)), "french.aiff")
# AUDIO_FILE = path.join(path.dirname(path.realpath(__file__)), "chinese.flac")# use the audio file as the audio source
r = sr.Recognizer()
with sr.AudioFile(AUDIO_FILE) as source:audio = r.record(source)  # read the entire audio file# recognize speech using Sphinx
try:print("Sphinx thinks you said " + r.recognize_sphinx(audio))
except sr.UnknownValueError:print("Sphinx could not understand audio")
except sr.RequestError as e:print("Sphinx error; {0}".format(e))

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import speech_recognition as srrecognizer = sr.Recognizer()
with sr.Microphone() as source:# recognizer.adjust_for_ambient_noise(source)audio = recognizer.listen(source)
c=recognizer.recognize_sphinx(audio, language='zh-cn')     #识别输出
# c=r.recognize_sphinx(audio, language='en-US')     #识别输出
print(c)

import speech_recognition as sr# obtain audio from the microphone
r = sr.Recognizer()
with sr.Microphone() as source:print("Say something!")audio = r.listen(source)# recognize speech using Sphinx
try:print("Sphinx thinks you said " + r.recognize_sphinx(audio))
except sr.UnknownValueError:print("Sphinx could not understand audio")
except sr.RequestError as e:print("Sphinx error; {0}".format(e))

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2.5 安装Vosk （offline）

python3 -m pip install vosk

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您还必须安装 Vosk 模型：
以下是可供下载的模型。您必须将它们放在项目的模型文件夹中，例如“your-project-folder/models/your-vosk-model”
https://alphacephei.com/vosk/models

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在测试脚本的所在文件夹，新建model子文件夹，然后把上面下载的模型解压到里面如下：
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编写脚本：

import speech_recognition as sr
from vosk import KaldiRecognizer, Modelr = sr.Recognizer()
with sr.Microphone() as source:audio = r.listen(source, timeout=3, phrase_time_limit=3)r.vosk_model = Model(model_name="vosk-model-small-cn-0.22")
text=r.recognize_vosk(audio, language='zh-cn') 
print(text)

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2.6 安装Whisper（offline）

pip install zhconv
pip install whisper
pip install -U openai-whisper
pip3 install wheel
pip install soundfile

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编写脚本：

import speech_recognition as sr
from vosk import KaldiRecognizer, Modelr = sr.Recognizer()
with sr.Microphone() as source:audio = r.listen(source, timeout=3, phrase_time_limit=5)# recognize speech using whisper
try:print("Whisper thinks you said: " + r.recognize_whisper(audio, language="chinese"))
except sr.UnknownValueError:print("Whisper could not understand audio")
except sr.RequestError as e:print("Could not request results from Whisper")

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3 测试

3.1 命令

python -m speech_recognition

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3.2 fastapi

import json
import os
from pprint import pprintimport speech_recognition
import torch
import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel
import soundfile
import whisper
import voskclass ResponseModel(BaseModel):path: strapp = FastAPI()def get_path(req: ResponseModel):path = req.pathif path == "":raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="No path provided")if not path.endswith(".wav"):raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid file type")if not os.path.exists(path):raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="File does not exist")return path@app.get("/")
def root():return {"message": "speech-recognition api"}@app.post("/recognize-google")
def recognize_google(req: ResponseModel):path = get_path(req)r = speech_recognition.Recognizer()with speech_recognition.AudioFile(path) as source:audio = r.record(source)return r.recognize_google(audio, language='ja-JP', show_all=True)@app.post("/recognize-vosk")
def recognize_vosk(req: ResponseModel):path = get_path(req)r = speech_recognition.Recognizer()with speech_recognition.AudioFile(path) as source:audio = r.record(source)return json.loads(r.recognize_vosk(audio, language='ja'))@app.post("/recognize-whisper")
def recognize_whisper(req: ResponseModel):path = get_path(req)r = speech_recognition.Recognizer()with speech_recognition.AudioFile(path) as source:audio = r.record(source)result = r.recognize_whisper(audio, language='ja')try:return json.loads(result)except:return {"text": result}if __name__ == "__main__":host = os.environ.get('HOST', '0.0.0.0')port: int = os.environ.get('PORT', 8080)uvicorn.run("main:app", host=host, port=int(port))

3.3 google

import speech_recognition as sr
import webbrowser as wb
import speakchrome_path = 'C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe %s'r = sr.Recognizer()with sr.Microphone() as source:print ('Say Something!')audio = r.listen(source)print ('Done!')try:text = r.recognize_google(audio)print('Google thinks you said:\n' + text)lang = 'en'speak.tts(text, lang)f_text = 'https://www.google.co.in/search?q=' + textwb.get(chrome_path).open(f_text)except Exception as e:print (e)

3.4 recognize_sphinx


import logging
import speech_recognition as srdef audio_Sphinx(filename):logging.info('开始识别语音文件...')# use the audio file as the audio sourcer = sr.Recognizer()with sr.AudioFile(filename) as source:audio = r.record(source)  # read the entire audio file# recognize speech using Sphinxtry:print("Sphinx thinks you said: " + r.recognize_sphinx(audio, language='zh-cn'))except sr.UnknownValueError:print("Sphinx could not understand audio")except sr.RequestError as e:print("Sphinx error; {0}".format(e))    if __name__ == "__main__":logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)wav_num = 0while True:r = sr.Recognizer()#启用麦克风mic = sr.Microphone()logging.info('录音中...')with mic as source:#降噪r.adjust_for_ambient_noise(source)audio = r.listen(source)with open(f"00{wav_num}.wav", "wb") as f:#将麦克风录到的声音保存为wav文件f.write(audio.get_wav_data(convert_rate=16000))logging.info('录音结束，识别中...')target = audio_Sphinx(f"00{wav_num}.wav")wav_num += 1

3.5 语音生成音频文件

  • 方法1：

import speech_recognition as sr# Use SpeechRecognition to record 使用语音识别包录制音频
def my_record(rate=16000):r = sr.Recognizer()with sr.Microphone(sample_rate=rate) as source:print("please say something")audio = r.listen(source)with open("voices/myvoices.wav", "wb") as f:f.write(audio.get_wav_data())print("录音完成！")my_record()
  • 方法2：

import wave
from pyaudio import PyAudio, paInt16framerate = 16000  # 采样率
num_samples = 2000  # 采样点
channels = 1  # 声道
sampwidth = 2  # 采样宽度2bytes
FILEPATH = 'voices/myvoices.wav'def save_wave_file(filepath, data):wf = wave.open(filepath, 'wb')wf.setnchannels(channels)wf.setsampwidth(sampwidth)wf.setframerate(framerate)wf.writeframes(b''.join(data))wf.close()#录音
def my_record():pa = PyAudio()#打开一个新的音频streamstream = pa.open(format=paInt16, channels=channels,rate=framerate, input=True, frames_per_buffer=num_samples)my_buf = [] #存放录音数据t = time.time()print('正在录音...')while time.time() < t + 10:  # 设置录音时间（秒）#循环read，每次read 2000framesstring_audio_data = stream.read(num_samples)my_buf.append(string_audio_data)print('录音结束.')save_wave_file(FILEPATH, my_buf)stream.close()

结语

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